Monday, September 16, 2024

Texts in ENGLISH

THE GETTYSBURG ADDRESS
Texto com áudio


Denilso de Lima
02 fev. 2013


The Gettysburg Address é o título de um discurso dado pelo 16º presidente dos Estados Unidos, Abraham Lincoln. É considerado um dos mais belos e profundos discursos da história dos EUA. Neste post, você tem a oportunidade de ler e escutar esse discurso.
Segue abaixo o texto como foi lido por Lincoln em 19 de novembro de 1863. Escute a gravação na voz de Jeff Daniels.
Para facilitar a compreensão, no final encontra-se o significado de algumas expressões e palavras. Para ficar bem interessante, tente memorizar esse discurso e recitá-lo em voz alta. Essa é uma maneira muito boa de você melhorar a pronúncia. Preste atenção às pausas, entonação, cadência, ritmo etc. utilizados no áudio. Procure fazer o que chamamos de voice-over: leia o texto junto com o áudio. Isso vai ajudá-lo muito. Sinta-se o próprio Abraham Lincoln. 😉

CLIQUE AQUI para fazer o download do texto em INGLÊS.

THE GETTYSBURG ADDRESS

Four score [1] and seven years ago our fathers brought forth [2] on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition [3] that all men are created equal.

Now we are engaged in [4] a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation, so conceived and so dedicated [5], can long endure [6]. We are met on a great battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place [7] for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether [8] fitting [9] and proper [10] that we should do this.
But, in a larger sense [11], we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow [12] this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above [13] our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living [14], rather [15], to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us — that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion [16] — that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain — that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom — and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.

[01] score: período de 20 anos (four score = 80 anos) [lembre-se: não se fala mais isso na linguagem do dia a dia]
[02] brought forth: deram origem, deram início
[03] (our fathers) dedicated to the proposition: dedicaram-se ao princípio de
[04] (we) are engaged in: estamos empenhado em, estamos envolvidos em
[05] so conceived and so dedicated: assim concebida e assim dedicada
[06] can long endure: pode resistor, consegue resistir
[07] final resting place: o último local de descanso
[08] altogether: perfeitamente, completamente
[09] fitting: conveniente
[10] proper: justo
[11] in a large sense: numa visão mais ampla
[12] hallow: santificar
[13] far above: muito além
[14] it is for us the living: cabe a nós os vivos
[15] rather: porém, antes
[16] the last full measure of devotion: a última gota de devoção (a ideia é que os que morreram foram devotados até o fim)

Adaptado de: https://www.inglesnapontadalingua.com.br/2013/02/the-gettysburg-address.html. Acesso em: 16 set. 2024. © 2024 Denilso de Lima, Inglês na Ponta da Língua - Learn English Anywhere. Todos os direitos reservados.

Texts in ENGLISH

THE MERCHANT AND THE FOUR WIVES
Texto com áudio


Denilso de Lima
14 jan. 2013


Você gosta de aprender Inglês lendo e escutando textos, certo? Então, confira a adaptação de uma história comum no mundo árabe. Trata-se de uma parábola que conta a história de um comerciante (merchant) e suas quatro esposas (four wives). O texto abaixo é uma versão simplificada por Turgay Evren e narrada por Lee Wright. Como é de praxe nas histórias desse gênero, há no final uma pequena lição de moral (bottom line) interpretada para nossa realidade.
Para colaborar na aprendizagem da Língua Inglesa, as palavras/expressões destacadas com um número ao lado estão traduzidas no final do texto. So, let’s get started!

CLIQUE AQUI para fazer o download do texto em INGLÊS.

THE MERCHANT WITH FOUR WIVES
Simplified by Turgay Evren
Read by Lee Wright

There was a rich merchant who had four wives. He loved the fourth wife the most, and adorned her with rich robes and treated her to delicacies. He took great care of her and gave her nothing but the best (1).

He also loved the third wife very much. He’s very proud of her and always wanted to show off her to his friends. However, the merchant is always in great fear that she might run away with some other men.
He too loved his second wife. She is a very considerate person (2), always patient and in fact is the merchant’s confidant (3). Whenever the merchant faced some problems, he always turned to his second wife, and she would always help him out and guide him through difficult times.
Now, the merchant’s first wife is a very loyal partner and has made great contributions in maintaining his wealth and business as well as (4) taking care of the household (5). However, the merchant did not love the first wife and although she loved him deeply, he hardly took notice of her.
One day, the merchant fell ill. Before long, he knew that he was going to die soon. He thought of his luxurious life and told himself, “Now I have four wives with me. But when I die, I’ll be alone. How lonely I’ll be!”
Thus, he asked the fourth wife, “I loved you most, endowed you with the finest clothing and showered great care over you. Now that I’m dying, will you follow me and keep me company?” “No way!” replied the fourth wife and she walked away without another word. The answer cut like sharp knife right into the merchant’s heart.
The sad merchant then asked the third wife, “I have loved you so much for all my life. Now that I’m dying, will you follow me and keep me company?” “No!” replied the third wife. “Life is so good over here! I’m going to remarry when you die!” The merchant’s heart sank and turned cold.
He then asked the second wife, “I always turned to you for help, and you’ve always helped me out. Now I need your help again. When I die, will you follow me and keep me company?” “I’m sorry, I can’t help you out this time!” replied the second wife. “At the very most, I can only send you to your grave.” The answer came like a bolt of thunder and the merchant was devastated.
Then a voice called out: “I’ll leave with you. I’ll follow you no matter where you go (6).” The merchant looked up and there was his first wife. She was so skinny, almost like she suffered from malnutrition. Greatly grieved, the merchant said, “I should have taken much better care of you while I could have!”
Actually, we all have four wives in our lives.
The fourth wife is our body. No matter how much time and effort we lavish (7) in making it look good, it’ll never leave with us when we die.
Our third wife? Our possessions, status and wealth. When we die, they all go to others.
The second wife is our family and friends. No matter how close they had been there for us when we’re alive, the furthest they can stay by us is up to the grave.
Bottom line (8): the first wife is in fact our soul, often neglected in our pursuit (9) of material wealth and sensual pleasure.
Guess what? It is actually the only thing that follows us wherever we go. Perhaps, it’s a good idea to cultivate and strengthen it now; rather than to wait until we’re on our deathbed (10) to lament.

(01) dava a ela do bom e do melhor
(02) uma pessoa muito atenciosa
(03) confidente
(04) assim como
(05) família (incluindo todos os que moram em uma casa: membros diretos da família e seus empregados)
(06) onde quer que você vá
(07) gastar abundantemente
(08) moral da história
(09) busca
(10) leito de morte

Adaptado de: https://www.inglesnapontadalingua.com.br/2013/01/textos-em-ingles-the-merchant-with-four-wives.html. Acesso em: 16 set. 2024. © 2024 Denilso de Lima, Inglês na Ponta da Língua - Learn English Anywhere. Todos os direitos reservados.

Saturday, September 14, 2024

ESL WORKSHEET - Buying souvenirs

LESSON PLAN FOR ENGLISH TEACHERS
BUYING SOUVENIRS


Sep. 13, 2024


Level: Elementary (A1-A2)
Type of English: General English
Tags: 13-15 Years Old; 16-18 Years Old; 18+ Years Old; Shopping; Speaking; Situation Based; Vocabulary Lesson; Travel and Leisure; Shops and Services; Countries
Publication date: 09/13/2024

In this fully updated lesson, students will learn how to buy souvenirs in English. They will listen to two conversations in which customers purchase souvenirs and look at the dialogues more closely for useful language. Students will be given a chance to take part in a shopping role-play and also read a short article about the most popular souvenirs in the world. (by Peter Clarkin)

  • CLICK HERE to download the student’s worksheet in American English.
  • CLICK HERE to download the teacher’s lesson plan in American English.
  • CLICK HERE to download/listen to the audio 1 in American English.
  • CLICK HERE to download/listen to the audio 2 in American English.
  • CLICK HERE to download the student’s worksheet in British English.
  • CLICK HERE to download the teacher’s lesson plan in British English.
  • CLICK HERE to download/listen to the audio 1 in British English.
  • CLICK HERE to download/listen to the audio 2 in British English.

AUDIO TRANSCRIPTS (American English)

Dialogue 1
Tourist: Excuse me?
Store assistant: Hello there, how may I help you?
Tourist: I’d like to buy a pen that looks like the Empire State Building. Do you have any?
Store assistant: Of course, we do. Let me show you what we have.
Tourist: Umm, do you have the pens in any other colors?
Store assistant: Er, sorry we only have black ones.
Tourist: That’s okay, I’ll take a black one then. How much is it?
Store assistant: It’s $2.99.
Tourist: OK, can I pay with my card?
Store assistant: Of course. Can I get anything else for you today?
Tourist: No, that’s all, thank you. Here’s my card.
Store assistant: Thank you very much, do you need a bag with that?
Tourist: Ah sure.
Store assistant: There is a five-cent charge for the bag.
Tourist: Oh really? That’s okay then, I’ll just put it in my pocket.
Store assistant: OK, no problem. Have a nice day.
Tourist: Thank you, bye-bye.
Store assistant: Goodbye.

Dialogue 2
Store assistant: Good morning, can I help you?
Tourist: Yes please, I’m trying to buy a nice souvenir for my dad.
Store assistant: Okay, and what kind of things does your dad like?
Tourist: He likes sweet things, lots, and lots of sweet stuff.
Store assistant: So, are you looking for things like chocolates, cookies, and gum?
Tourist: Yeah, that all sounds great. Do you have that kind of thing?
Store assistant: Well, let me see. So, we have the LA Lollipops, the celebrity candy, the beachy boozy chocolates and the Hollywood gum.
Tourist: Wow! Those all look amazing and sound delicious. Which one would you recommend?
Store assistant: I think you should go for the LAs Lollipops because right now you can buy one and get one free.
Tourist: Sounds great, I’ll have two of those, please.
Store assistant: Here you go, thank you.
Tourist: Thank you, goodbye.
Store assistant: Bye bye.

Adapted from: https://www.linguahouse.com/esl-lesson-plans/general-english/buying-souvenirs. Accessed on September 13, 2024. © 2008–2024 LinguaHouse.com. All rights reserved.

ESL WORKSHEET - Viral videos

LESSON PLAN FOR ENGLISH TEACHERS
GOING VIRAL


Sep. 13, 2024


Level: Intermediate (B1-B2)
Type of English: General English
Tags: 16-18 Years Old; 18+ Years Old; Video Talk; Challenges; Ethics and Conduct; The Media; Behavior, Feelings and Emotions; Education, Teaching and Learning; Entertainment; Hobby; Information Technology (IT); Plans and Arrangements; Science and Technology; Computing
Publication date: 09/13/2024

This lesson looks at viral videos and those who attempt to make them. Students will watch a video where the presenter talks about what makes a video go viral. They will also read an article about YouTubers and the reality of being one. Exercises focus on related vocabulary, reading and listening comprehension and offer students the opportunity to discuss questions on the topic. (by Joe Wilson)

Linguahouse.com is in no way affiliated with, authorized, maintained, sponsored or endorsed by TED Conferences LLC.

  • CLICK HERE to download the student’s worksheet in American English.
  • CLICK HERE to download the teacher’s lesson plan in American English.
  • CLICK HERE to download the student’s worksheet in British English.
  • CLICK HERE to download the teacher’s lesson plan in British English.


VIDEO TRANSCRIPT

Kevin Allocca: Hi. I’m Kevin Allocca, I’m a trends manager at YouTube, and I professionally watch YouTube videos. It’s true. So we’re going to talk a little bit today about how videos go viral and then why that even matters. We all want to be stars – celebrities, singers, comedians – and when I was younger, that seemed so very, very hard to do. But now web video has made it so that any of us or any of the creative things that we do can become completely famous in a part of our world’s culture. Any one of you could be famous on the Internet by next Saturday. But there are over 48 hours of video uploaded to YouTube every minute. And of that, only a tiny percentage ever goes viral and gets tons of views and becomes a cultural moment. So how does it happen? Three things: tastemakers, communities of participation and unexpectedness. All right, let’s go.
Bear Vasquez: Oh, my God. Oh, my God. Oh, my God! Wooo! Ohhhhh, wowwww!
Kevin Allocca: Last year, Bear Vasquez posted this video that he had shot outside his home in Yosemite National Park. In 2010, it was viewed 23 million times. (Laughter) This is a chart of what it looked like when it first became popular last summer. But he didn’t actually set out to make a viral video, Bear. He just wanted to share a rainbow. Because that’s what you do when your name is Yosemite Mountain Bear. (Laughter) And he had posted lots of nature videos in fact. And this video had actually been posted all the way back in January. So what happened here? Jimmy Kimmel actually. Jimmy Kimmel posted this tweet that would eventually propel the video to be as popular as it would become. Because tastemakers like Jimmy Kimmel introduce us to new and interesting things and bring them to a larger audience.
Rebecca Black: It’s Friday, Friday. Gotta get down on Friday. Everybody’s looking forward to the weekend, weekend. Friday, Friday. Gettin’ down on Friday...
Kevin Allocca: So you didn’t think that we could actually have this conversation without talking about this video, I hope. Rebecca Black’s “Friday” is one of the most popular videos of the year. It’s been seen nearly 200 million times this year. This is a chart of what it looked like. And similar to “Double Rainbow”, it seems to have just sprouted up out of nowhere. So what happened on this day? Well it was a Friday, this is true. And if you’re wondering about those other spikes, those are also Fridays.
But what about this day, this one particular Friday? Well Tosh.0 picked it up, a lot of blogs starting writing about it. Michael J. Nelson from Mystery Science Theater was one of the first people to post a joke about the video on Twitter. But what’s important is that an individual or a group of tastemakers took a point of view and they shared that with a larger audience, accelerating the process. And so then this community formed of people who shared this big inside joke and they started talking about it and doing things with it. And now there are 10,000 parodies of “Friday” on YouTube. Even in the first seven days, there was one parody for every other day of the week. (Laughter) Unlike the one-way entertainment of the 20th century, this community participation is how we become a part of the phenomenon – either by spreading it or by doing something new with it.
So “Nyan Cat’ is a looped animation with looped music. It’s this, just like this. It’s been viewed nearly 50 million times this year. And if you think that that is weird, you should know that there is a three hour version of this that’s been viewed four million times. (Laughter) Even cats were watching this video. (Laughter) Cats were watching other cats watch this video. But what’s important here is the creativity that it inspired amongst this techie, geeky Internet culture. There were remixes. (Laughter) Someone made an old timey version. (Laughter) And then it went international. (Laughter) An entire remix community sprouted up that brought it from being just a stupid joke to something that we can all actually be a part of. Because we don’t just enjoy now, we participate.
And who could have predicted any of this? Who could have predicted “Double Rainbow” or Rebecca Black or “Nyan Cat”? What scripts could you have written that would have contained this in it? In a world where over two days of video get uploaded every minute, only that which is truly unique and unexpected can stand out in the way that these things have. When a friend of mine told me that I needed to see this great video about a guy protesting bicycle fines in New York City, I admit I wasn’t very interested.
Casey Niestat: So I got a ticket for not riding in the bike lane, but often there are obstructions that keep you from properly riding in the bike lane...
Kevin Allocca: By being totally surprising and humorous, Casey Niestat got his funny idea and point seen five million times. And so this approach holds for anything new that we do creatively. And so it all brings us to one big question...
Bear Vasquez: What does this mean? Ohhhh.
Kevin Allocca: What does it mean? Tastemakers, creative participating communities, complete unexpectedness, these are characteristics of a new kind of media and a new kind of culture where anyone has access, and the audience defines the popularity. I mean, as mentioned earlier, one of the biggest stars in the world right now, Justin Bieber, got his start on YouTube. No one has to green-light your idea. And we all now feel some ownership in our own pop culture. And these are not characteristics of old media, and they’re barely true of the media of today, but they will define the entertainment of the future. Thank you.

Adapted from: https://www.linguahouse.com/esl-lesson-plans/general-english/going-viral. Accessed on September 13, 2024. © 2008–2024 LinguaHouse.com. All rights reserved.

ESL WORKSHEET - Shakespeare

LESSON PLAN FOR ENGLISH TEACHERS
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE


Apr. 13, 2020


Level: Pre-Intermediate (A2-B1)
Type of English: General English
Tags: British Culture; Celebrities and Historical Figures; Entertainment; Video Talk
Publication date: 04/13/2020

This dialogue and video-aided lesson looks at the life and works of William Shakespeare. The worksheet focuses on listening comprehension, discussion and vocabulary development. (by Stephanie Hirschman)

  • CLICK HERE to download the student’s worksheet in American English.
  • CLICK HERE to download the teacher’s lesson plan in American English.
  • CLICK HERE to download/listen to the audio in American English.
  • CLICK HERE to download/watch the video in American English.
  • CLICK HERE to download the student’s worksheet in British English.
  • CLICK HERE to download the teacher’s lesson plan in British English.
  • CLICK HERE to download/listen to the audio in British English.
  • CLICK HERE to download/watch the video in British English.


AUDIO/VIDEO TRANSCRIPT

William Shakespeare was one of the greatest and most famous English writers. He wrote at least 30 plays and introduced many new words to the English language. Strangely, he was born and died on the same date - the 23rd of April, so many people remember him and his work on this day.
Shakespeare was born in 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon. He had five brothers and sisters, and his father was an important man. Shakespeare learned ancient languages at school, as well as poetry and history. At 18, he married Anne Hathaway, and they had three children.
Shakespeare and his family moved to London, and he worked for a theater company as an actor and writer. Shakespeare wrote many popular plays for the company to perform, including the famous Romeo and Juliet. Juliet was played by a man, as women were not allowed to perform on stage.
In 1597, Shakespeare’s theater company had a problem. The company owned the theater building but not the land that it was built on. When the owner tried to sell the land, all the actors in the company decided to move the theater building to a new place across the River Thames. They called their new theater “The Globe”.
The Globe became the best theater in London. 3,000 people could watch plays there - but most of them had to stand. There was a special stage with scenery and musicians played music and made sound effects during the plays. They even had a cannon.
Shakespeare continued to write. His plays from this time were more serious, including Hamlet, Othello, and Macbeth. Kings and queens asked for his plays to be performed for them. He also published a book of poetry in 1609.
Shakespeare became very rich and bought a large house in Stratford for his family. He retired to Stratford and died on his 52nd birthday in 1616.
The Globe Theater was destroyed in a fire in 1613 - probably started by the cannon. It was rebuilt but closed again in 1642. However, in 1997, a new Globe Theater was built on the south side of the Thames. The new Globe is built in the same style as the old one, but with some changes to make it safer and more comfortable. People continue to enjoy Shakespeare’s plays here.

Adapted from: https://www.linguahouse.com/esl-lesson-plans/general-english/william-shakespeare. Accessed on September 13, 2024. © 2008–2024 LinguaHouse.com. All rights reserved.

Friday, September 13, 2024

-ING form and Present Continuous

Guia completo de como usar 
o -ING em INGLÊS
Como usar o PRESENT CONTINUOUS


06 fev. 2024
10 set. 2024


Em Português, o gerúndio é usado para falarmos de situações que estão ou estavam em desenvolvimento (em andamento). A construção dessa forma nominal é feita com o acréscimo da desinência -ndo aos verbos (cantando, viajando, correndo, escrevendo, abrindo, dividindo, pondo, compondo...).
O gerúndio também existe em Inglês, com a adição do -ing ao verbo, e sua utilização possui algumas particularidades que exigem atenção especial. É preciso lembrar que essa desinência, na Língua Inglesa, também indica o “particípio presente” nos verbos.

GERUND e PRESENT PARTICIPLE
Conforme mencionado acima, é importante explicar que, na gramática do Inglês, faz-se distinção entre gerund e present participle.
Embora ambos sejam construídos a partir da adição de -ing, o gerund é utilizado para transformar um verbo em substantivo ou em complemento de uma oração, enquanto o present participle acompanha o verbo to be nos tempos verbais que conhecemos como continuous tenses (present continuous – veja mais abaixo –, past continuous e future continuous, entre outros).
Para quem estuda gramática, é importante entender a diferença entre esses termos técnicos e suas funções.

Construindo o gerund e o present participle
Na maioria dos casos, basta colocar -ing ao final do verbo:

Verb

-ING form

to avoid

avoiding

to fight

fighting

to finish

finishing

to go

going

to hear

hearing

to jump

jumping

to keep

keeping

to mention

mentioning

to mind

minding

to miss

missing

to prevent

preventing

to risk

risking

to sing

singing

to sleep

sleeping

to start

starting

to suggest

suggesting

to treat

treating

to work

working


Mas há casos peculiares no acréscimo de -ing aos verbos:
1) Se o verbo terminar com a letra E, devemos removê-la antes de adicionar -ing.

Verb

-ING form

to bake

baking

to change

changing

to fake

faking

to have

having

to live

living

to make

making

to shake

shaking

to smile

smiling

to take

taking

to write

writing


Mas atenção: se o verbo terminar com -EE, -YE ou -OE, deve-se apenas acrescentar -ing.

Verb

-ING form

to agree

agreeing

to dye

dyeing

to free

freeing

to see

seeing

to tiptoe

tiptoeing


2) Se o verbo terminar em consoante + vogal + consoante e a palavra for oxítona (com a última sílaba mais forte), deve-se dobrar a última consoante e acrescentar -ing.

Verb

-ING form

to admit

admitting

to commit

committing

to get

getting

to plan

planning

to put

putting

to refer

referring


No entanto, se a palavra for paroxítona, ou se o vocábulo terminar com as consoantes W, X ou Y, seguimos a regra original.

Verb

-ING form

to enjoy

enjoying

to enter

entering

to fix

fixing

to happen

happening

to offer

offering

to snow

snowing

to suffer

suffering


3) Se o verbo terminar em -IE, essas duas vogais devem ser substituídas por -Y, antes de adicionar -ing.

Verb

-ING form

to die

dying

to lie

lying

to tie

tying


UTILIZANDO O GERUND

Sujeito
Ao atuar como um sujeito, o gerund geralmente aparece no início de uma sentença, antes do verbo.
  • Swimming keeps me in shape. (Nadar me mantém em forma.)
  • Reading is fundamental. (Ler é fundamental.)
  • Apologizing is not enough anymore. (Pedir desculpas não é mais suficiente.)

Complemento do verbo
to be
Muitas vezes utilizamos o gerund para complementar frases com o verbo to be. Aqui estão alguns exemplos:
  • My favorite hobby is reading. (Meu hobby favorito é ler.)
  • My job is teaching English to young people. (Meu trabalho é ensinar Inglês para jovens.)
  • The best thing in life is eating healthy food. (A melhor coisa da vida é comer alimentos saudáveis.)

Complemento da oração com outros verbos

Tanto em Português como na Língua Inglesa, existem casos em que precisamos utilizar dois verbos em sequência em uma mesma frase.
  • John enjoys singing and dancing. (John gosta de cantar e dançar.)
  • She misses playing with her friends from school. (Ela sente saudade de brincar com seus amigos da escola.)
  • Can you imagine living without your smartphone? (Você consegue imaginar viver sem seu smartphone?)

Observação: a utilização do gerund é obrigatória após determinados verbos. Estes são alguns dos mais importantes:
  • to admit
  • to advise
  • to avoid
  • to consider
  • to delay
  • to deny
  • to discuss
  • to enjoy
  • to finish
  • to keep
  • to miss
  • to recommend
  • to regret
  • to risk
  • to suggest
  • to tolerate

Atenção: alguns verbos nunca serão seguidos pelo gerund, mas pelo infinitivo (acompanhado do to). Também há verbos que admitem tanto o gerund quanto o infinitivo.
Want, need e forget são exemplos de verbos que nunca serão seguidos por um gerund. enquanto hate, love e like podem ser seguidos tanto pelo gerund, quanto pelo infinitivo.

Após preposições e phrasal verbs

O gerund também é usado após preposições e para acompanhar phrasal verbs. Confira alguns exemplos abaixo:
  • He looked into buying a new sound system. (Ele considerou comprar um novo aparelho de som.)
  • I ended up getting lots of Christmas cards. (Acabei recebendo muitos cartões de Natal.)
  • I look forward to seeing you soon. (Estou ansioso para vê-lo em breve.)
  • He’s interested in taking a Japanese course. (Ele está interessado em fazer um curso de japonês.)
  • I’m scared of being by myself. (Tenho medo de ficar sozinho.)
  • She left the party without saying goodbye. (Ela saiu da festa sem se despedir.)

UTILIZANDO O PRESENT PARTICIPLE

O present participle é usado na formação dos tempos verbais que conhecemos como continuous tenses (present continuous, past continuous e future continuous, entre outros). Aqui, você vai notar que encontramos uma correspondência mais direta com o que conhecemos como gerúndio na Língua Portuguesa.
  • I am talking to her now. (Eu estou conversando com ela agora.)
  • They were always making the same mistakes. (Eles estavam sempre cometendo os mesmos erros.)
  • I will be traveling to London in a few months. (Estarei em viagem para Londres em poucos meses.)

Adjetivos
Tanto o gerund como o present participle podem atuar como adjetivos. Mas para evitarmos confusões, resolvemos não nos prender muito nas classificações gramaticais nesse caso. Confira alguns exemplos:
  • Be sure to check the visiting hours before going to the museum. (Certifique-se de verificar os horários de visita antes de ir ao museu.)
  • I need to buy some shaving cream. (Preciso comprar creme de barbear.)
  • Did you bring a shopping list? (Você trouxe uma lista de compras?)
  • Is there an interesting book you can recommend to me? (Tem um livro interessante que você possa me recomendar?)
  • He comforted the crying woman. (Ele confortou a mulher que chorava.)
  • The lifeguard waved to the swimming children. (O salva-vidas acenou para as crianças que nadavam.)

Em tempo: não é necessário decorar todas as regras listadas acima - o mais importante é que você pratique lendo, escrevendo, ouvindo e falando para aprimorar seus conhecimentos.


PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Normalmente, quando pensamos em construções verbais, somos tentados a encaixar as ações em um determinado tempo: no passado, no futuro ou no presente.
Acontece que existem algumas situações em que são necessárias expressar práticas ainda em andamento. Esse é o caso do Present Continuous.
Esse tempo verbal é bem conhecido: é aquele em que os verbos terminam com -ing, seguidos pelo presente do verbo to be, e que indica uma ação que está em desenvolvimento no momento presente (embora também possa expressar uma ideia de futuro em determinados casos).

TO BE + PRESENT PARTICIPLE (verbo principal + -ing)
Para usar esse tempo verbal, as frases contam com o verbo to be no presente e com a desinência -ing no verbo principal. Veja os exemplos:
  • I am reading. (Eu estou lendo.)
  • She is cooking. (Ela está cozinhando.)
  • We are talking. (Nós estamos falando / conversando.)
  • They are singing. (Eles estão cantando.)
  • We are working on a new project. (Nós estamos trabalhando em um novo projeto.)
  • I’m not avoiding you. (Eu não estou te evitando.)
  • Who is pushing the door? (Quem está empurrando a porta?)
  • She is writing a letter to her friend. (Ela está escrevendo uma carta para a amiga.)
  • We aren’t having lunch yet. (Nós ainda não estamos almoçando.)
  • Is she changing her clothes for the event? (Ela está trocando de roupa para o evento?)
  • The flowers are dying because they haven’t been watered. (As flores estão morrendo porque não foram regadas.)
  • Is he tying the rope securely? (Ele está amarrando a corda de forma segura?)
  • We aren’t lying about what happened. (Nós não estamos mentindo sobre o que aconteceu.)

Adaptado de: https://fisk.com.br/blog/o-guia-completo-de-como-usar-o-ing-em-ingles e https://fisk.com.br/blog/como-usar-o-present-continuous-em-ingles. Acesso em: 13 set. 2024. © 2024 Fisk. Todos os direitos reservados.

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