Tuesday, November 10, 2026

Factor in

FACTOR IN
O que significa esse PHRASAL VERB
em INGLÊS


By Alberto Queiroz
Sep. 11, 2023


Antes de explorarmos o sentido em Inglês do phrasal verb factor in nesta postagem, vamos observar a palavra factor. Como substantivo, esse vocábulo tem o mesmo significado do Português, “fator”. Já como verbo, no entanto, a coisa muda um pouco de aspecto.
To factor, por si só, tem o significado matemático de “fatorar”, ou seja, “decompor em fatores”. Já o phrasal verb deste post, no entanto, assume um sentido diferente. Essencialmente, factor in (ou factor into) quer dizer “incluir” alguma coisa em considerações ou cálculos. Em algumas situações, “levar em consideração” também é uma boa tradução.
Vamos aos exemplos. Anote-os em seu caderno de Língua Inglesa, escute o áudio e bons estudos! 😉

“Incluir” algo em considerações ou planos sendo feitos:
  • Remember to factor in staffing costs when you are planning the project. (Lembre-se de incluir os custos com o recrutamento do pessoal quando você estiver planejando o projeto.)
  • Total spending was virtually the same in real terms after factoring in inflation. (Os gastos totais foram praticamente os mesmos em termos reais, após incluir a inflação.)
  • You’d better consider this and factor this into your decision making. (É melhor você considerar isto e incluir na sua tomada de decisões.)
  • You must factor insurance payments into the cost of maintaining a car. (Você precisa incluir os pagamentos de seguro no custo de manter um carro.)
  • In preparing the schedule we factored in vacation and sick days. (Ao preparar a agenda, incluímos dias de folga e de licença médica.)

“Levar em consideração” (ou “considerar”) pode ser uma tradução melhor em alguns casos:
  • Her salary is not that high when childcare costs and medical insurance are factored in. (O salário dela não é tão alto assim quando os custos de assistência infantil e seguros médicos são levados em consideração.)
  • It’s going to feel like 110° there when you factor in the humidity. (A sensação será de 43° quando você considerar a umidade.)
  • People are earning more, but when inflation is factored in, they are no better off. (As pessoas estão ganhando mais, mas quando a inflação é considerada, elas não estão melhor do que antes.)
  • The age of the patients and their overall health must be factored into the results. (A idade dos pacientes e sua saúde geral devem ser levadas em consideração nos resultados.)
  • Before you accept this job offer, you need to factor in how long the commute is. (Antes de aceitar esta oferta e emprego, você precisa considerar o quão longa a viagem de trabalho é.)
  • The boss factored in overtime when giving out bonuses. (O chefe levou em consideração horas extra ao distribuir os bônus.)
  • These observations are interesting, but they don’t really factor in. (Estas observações são interessantes, mas não são realmente consideradas.)

Clique AQUI para baixar a gravação com todas as frases em Inglês.

Adaptado de: https://www.mairovergara.com/factor-in-o-que-significa-este-phrasal-verb/. Acesso em: 10 nov. 2026 © Reis Vergara Idiomas 2026. Todos os direitos reservados.

Give out

GIVE OUT
O que significa esse PHRASAL VERB
em INGLÊS


By Mairo Vergara
May 25, 2016


Nesta postagem vamos explorar diferentes sentidos do phrasal verb give out. Existem quatro maneiras de usarmos essa expressão. A primeira é no sentido de distribuir e a segunda no sentido de anunciar algo. Os outros sentidos de give out são: parar de funcionar e acabar. Vamos ver nos exemplos como usar esse phrasal verb na prática?

Primeiro, vamos ver give out como distribuir:
  • The office gives out financial advice to students. (O escritório distribui/dá conselhos financeiros aos estudantes.)
  • The homeless shelter gave out food and blankets. (O alojamento de desabrigados distribuiu comida e cobertores.)
  • The teacher gave the test papers out. (A professora distribuiu os papéis da prova.)
  • The teacher gave the homework assignment out. (O professor distribuiu a tarefa de casa.)

Give out no sentido de anunciar uma novidade:
  • When will you give the news out? (Quando você vai anunciar as novidades?)
  • The president gave out the news that the hostages had been released. (O presidente anunciou as novidades que os reféns tinham sido soltos.)
  • The professor gave out the bad news. (O professor anunciou as más notícias.)
  • Details of the accident were given out* on the nine o’clock news. (Os detalhes do acidente foram anunciados no jornal das nove horas.)

Agora, give out como parar de funcionar:
  • His heart finally gave out under the strain. (O coração dele finalmente parou de funcionar sob pressão.)
  • My old bicycle finally gave out. (Minha bicicleta velha finalmente parou de funcionar/quebrou.)
  • The dishwasher finally gave out last week. (A máquina de lavar louça finalmente parou de funcionar semana passada.)

Por fim, give out como acabar:
  • Their water gave out two days ago. (A água deles acabou dois dias atrás.)
  • The paper napkins gave out, and we had to use paper towels. (Os guardanapos de papel acabaram e nós tivemos que usar toalhas de papel.)
  • The eggs gave out, and we had to eat cereal for breakfast for the rest of the camping trip. (Os ovos acabaram e nós tivemos que comer cereal no café da manhã pelo resto da viagem de acampamento.)

OBSERVAÇÃO:
* No exemplo apresentado, a construção “were given out” está na voz passiva e foi usada para contarmos o que aconteceu com o objeto, não tendo enfoque em quem realiza a ação.


Clique AQUI para baixar a gravação com todas as frases em Inglês.

Adaptado de: https://www.mairovergara.com/give-out-phrasal-verb-significado/. Acesso em: 10 nov. 2026 © Reis Vergara Idiomas 2026. Todos os direitos reservados.

Overtime

“FAZER HORA EXTRA”
Como se diz em INGLÊS


By Mairo Vergara
Apr. 15, 2016


Neste post você vai aprender como se diz algo muito importante em Inglês, principalmente se, de vez em quando, você precisa trabalhar um pouco além da conta para fazer um dinheiro extra ou para pôr o trabalho em dia: vamos aprender como se diz “fazer hora extra” na Língua Inglesa.
Existem duas maneiras mais comuns de se expressar exatamente a ideia de fazer hora extra: do overtime ou work overtime. Para que você entenda bem o conceito, vamos ver isso aplicado na prática. Observe os exemplos.
  • The newspaper staff worked overtime. (A equipe do jornal trabalhou/fez hora extra.)
  • We shall have to work overtime to catch up. (Nós devemos trabalhar/fazer hora extra para pôr o trabalho em dia.)
  • He did five hours’ overtime this week. (Ele fez cinco horas extras essa semana.)
  • When your employees work overtime you will have to pay them extra for the time but you can get a lot more accomplished. (Quando seus empregados trabalharem/fizerem hora extra, você terá que pagá-los a mais pelo tempo, mas você pode ter muito mais alcançado.)
  • In addition to regular work hours, it is not uncommon for employees of some companies to work overtime in order to get all of the work done required for the day. (Além do horário normal de trabalho, não é incomum para os empregados de algumas companhias fazer hora extra para terminar todo o trabalho exigido para o dia.)
  • I worked two hours of overtime last week. (Eu trabalhei duas horas extras semana passada.)
  • I need to do some overtime. (Eu preciso fazer umas horas extras.)
  • I will be doing some overtime tomorrow. (Eu farei umas horas extras amanhã.)
  • He was doing a lot of overtime to save for his vacation. (Ele estava fazendo muita hora extra para poupar para suas férias.)
  • How much did you earn last month in overtime? (Quanto você ganhou mês passado em hora extra?)

Clique AQUI para baixar a gravação com todas as frases em Inglês.

Adaptado de: https://www.mairovergara.com/como-se-diz-fazer-hora-extra-em-ingles/. Acesso em: 10 nov. 2026 © Reis Vergara Idiomas 2026. Todos os direitos reservados.

Monday, November 9, 2026

ENGLISH - Enem

ENEM 2026 - ENGLISH TEST
Prova Corrigida (Azul)
Com tradução e áudio


Nov. 9, 2026
Adir Ferreira


Aqui está o teste de Língua Inglesa do Enem 2026 na prova azul. Além das questões e das respostas, você tem também o áudio dos textos e também a tradução deles para que não fique nenhuma dúvida, all right? Bons estudos! 😉

Clique sobre os títulos das questões para conferir os áudios.

LINGUAGENS, CÓDIGOS E SUAS TECNOLOGIAS

QUESTÃO 01

The only trick of friendship, I think, is to find people who are better than you are – not smarter, not cooler, but kinder, and more generous, and more forgiving – and then to appreciate them for what they can teach you, and to try to listen to them when they tell you something about yourself, no matter how bad – or good – it might be, and to trust them, which is the hardest thing of all. But the best, as well.
YAGIHARA, Hanya. A Little Life. London: Doubleday, 2015.

Nesse texto, o sentido de “teach” cumpre o objetivo de destacar o desafio de
(A) identificar falsas amizades.
(B) valorizar a sabedoria dos amigos.
(C) buscar semelhanças nas amizades.
(D) superar as habilidades dos amigos.
(E) ter cuidado com amigos autoritários.

GABARITO
A resposta é a alternativa B: valorizar a sabedoria dos amigos. A autora diz que o “truque” da amizade é encontrar pessoas melhores do que nós e “apreciá-las pelo que podem nos ensinar” (appreciate them for what they can teach you). O verbo teach indica que os amigos têm algo a nos ensinar, e o desafio está em reconhecer esse valor e estar aberto a ouvi-los, mesmo quando falam verdades difíceis sobre nós.

TRADUÇÃO
O único truque da amizade, penso eu, é encontrar pessoas que sejam melhores do que você – não mais inteligentes, nem mais descoladas, mas mais gentis, mais generosas e mais compreensivas – e então valorizá-las pelo que podem lhe ensinar, e tentar ouvi-las quando lhe dizem algo sobre você mesmo, não importa quão ruim – ou quão boa – essa coisa possa ser, e confiar nelas, que é a coisa mais difícil de todas. Mas também a melhor.

QUESTÃO 02

I Opened a Book

I opened a book and in I strode
Now nobody can find me.
I’ve left my chair, my house, my road,
My town and my world behind me.

I’m wearing the cloak, I’ve slipped on the ring,
I’ve swallowed the magic potion.
I’ve fought with a dragon, dined with a king
And dived in a bottomless ocean.

I opened a book and made some friends.
I shared their tears and laughter
And followed their road with its bumps and bends
To the happily ever after.

I finished my book and out I came.
The cloak can no longer hide me.
My chair and my house are just the same,
But I have a book inside me.

DONALDSON, Julia. Disponível em: www.scottishpoetrylibrary.org.uk.
Acesso em: 6 jun. 2025.

Nesse poema, ao abordar sua experiência de interação com o livro, o eu lírico ressalta o(a)
(A) potencial transformador da leitura.
(B) importância da leitura coletiva.
(C) caráter pedagógico da poesia.
(D) valor da literatura clássica.
(E) natureza objetiva da leitura.

GABARITO
A resposta é a alternativa A: potencial transformador da leitura. O contraste entre as duas partes do poema revela a ideia central. Enquanto lê, o eu lírico vive experiências intensas e sai do mundo real. Ao terminar, o exterior não mudou, mas o interior sim, pois a experiência ficou com ele. Esse efeito duradouro mostra que a leitura transforma quem lê.

TRADUÇÃO
Abri um livro

Abri um livro e nele entrei;
agora ninguém mais me encontra.
Deixei para trás minha cadeira, minha casa, minha rua,
minha cidade e meu mundo.

Vesti a capa, pus o anel no dedo,
bebi a poção mágica.
Lutei contra um dragão, jantei com um rei
e mergulhei em um oceano sem fim.

Abri um livro e fiz amigos.
Compartilhei suas lágrimas e risadas,
segui sua trilha, com seus solavancos e curvas,
rumo ao “felizes para sempre”.

Terminei o livro e saí de dentro dele.
A capa já não pode mais me esconder.
Minha cadeira e minha casa continuam as mesmas,
mas agora trago um livro dentro de mim.

QUESTÃO 03

Because whatever has happened to humanity, whatever is currently happening to humanity, it is happening to all of us. No matter how hidden the cruelty, no matter how far off the screams of pain and terror, we live in one world. We are one people. My illness proved that. As well as my understanding that a woman’s lost daughter belongs to all of us. It is up to all of us to find her; it is up to us to do our best to make her whole again. There is only one daughter, one father, one mother, one son, one aunt or uncle, one dog, one cat, donkey, monkey, or goat in the universe, after all: the one right in front of you.
WALKER, Alice. Overcoming Speechlessness: a Poet Encounters the
Horror in Rwanda, Eastern Congo, and Palestine/Israel.
Disponível em: www.scoop.co.nz.
Acesso em: 20 jan. 2025.

Nesse texto de Alice Walker, a repetição do vocábulo “one” enfatiza o
(A) vínculo familiar.
(B) caráter nostálgico.
(C) medo da violência.
(D) conflito geracional.
(E) princípio da empatia.

GABARITO
A resposta é a alternativa E: princípio da empatia. No trecho, a autora afirma que tudo o que acontece com a humanidade acontece a todos nós: “vivemos em um só mundo” e “somos um só povo”. A repetição de one nas estruturas finais (uma filha, um pai, uma mãe, um filho, e assim por diante) reforça a ideia de que cada pessoa, ou até cada animal, que está diante de nós merece o mesmo cuidado e pertence à nossa responsabilidade coletiva. Isso expressa a empatia: sentir a dor do outro como se fosse nossa e agir para ajudar (“it is up to all of us to find her”).

TRADUÇÃO
Porque, independentemente do que tenha acontecido à humanidade, ou do que esteja acontecendo a ela neste momento, tudo isso diz respeito a todos nós. Por mais oculta que seja a crueldade, por mais distantes que estejam os gritos de dor e terror, vivemos em um único mundo. Somos um só povo. Minha doença provou isso. Assim como a compreensão de que a filha perdida de uma mulher pertence a todos nós. Cabe a todos nós encontrá-la; cabe a nós fazer o nosso melhor para torná-la inteira novamente. Afinal, no universo, existe apenas uma filha, um pai, uma mãe, um filho, uma tia ou um tio, um cachorro, um gato, um burro, um macaco ou uma cabra: aquele, ou aquela, que está bem diante de você.

QUESTÃO 04

I am a child of the Americas,
a light-skinned mestiza of the Caribbean,
a child of many diaspora, born into this continent at a crossroads.
I am a U.S. Puerto Rican Jew,
a product of the ghettos of New York I have never known.
An immigrant and the daughter and granddaughter of immigrants.
I speak English with passion: it’s the tongue of my consciousness,
[…]

Spanish is in my flesh,
ripples from my tongue, lodges in my hips:
the language of garlic and mangoes,
the singing in my poetry, the flying gestures of my hands.
[…]

I am not European. Europe lives in me, but I have no home there.
I am new. History made me. My first language was Spanish.

MORALES, Aurora. In: STEVENS, Ilan. (org.). The Norton Anthology of Latino Literature.
Nova York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2011 (fragmento).

Ao abordar aspectos relacionados à imigração, nesse poema, o eu lírico
(A) enaltece sua origem europeia.
(B) valoriza a cultura oriunda de guetos.
(C) reverencia a gastronomia hispânica.
(D) evidencia sua formação intercultural.
(E) prioriza a língua e a cultura americanas.

GABARITO
A resposta é a alternativa D: evidencia sua formação intercultural. O eu lírico reúne em si várias identidades: caribenha, porto-riquenha, judaica, americana e europeia (por herança). Também convive com duas línguas, o inglês e o espanhol. Essa combinação de origens, línguas e culturas mostra uma identidade formada pelo encontro entre diferentes culturas, o que é a essência da formação intercultural. A expressão born at a crossroads (nascida numa encruzilhada) sintetiza essa ideia.

TRADUÇÃO
Sou uma filha das Américas,
uma mestiça de pele clara do Caribe,
filha de muitas diásporas, nascida neste continente em uma encruzilhada.
Sou uma judia porto-riquenha radicada nos Estados Unidos,
produto dos guetos de Nova York que jamais conheci.
Imigrante, e filha e neta de imigrantes.
Falo inglês com paixão: é a língua da minha consciência,
[…]

O espanhol está na minha carne,
flui da minha língua, habita meus quadris:
a língua do alho e das mangas,
o canto na minha poesia, os gestos alados das minhas mãos.
[…]

Não sou europeia. A Europa vive em mim, mas não tenho um lar lá.
Sou nova. A história me fez. Minha primeira língua foi o espanhol.

QUESTÃO 05

Opting out of voting doesn’t opt you out of the political system. The policies, laws, and politicians will still affect your life. This is true for choices you make in your life.
If your cafeteria is serving either hot dogs or hamburgers and you decide not to pick which one you want, you will still get either a hot dog or a hamburger. You still have to eat the lunch. Your vote is your decision on who you want to represent you, on every level. So why would you let anyone else decide your future? Find out the deadlines for registering, how you can register, where to get your ballot, and where to cast it.
Most colleges have a voter resources page, which is a great place to start. You can also look at the Secretary of State’s website or the League of Women Voters for your state to find out about the voting process.

KING, Charlotte. New Voters: Here’s Everything You Need to Know.
Disponível em: www.teenvogue.com. Acesso em: 11 jan. 2025.

Esse texto estabelece uma interlocução direta com os leitores a fim de
(A) explicar regras eleitorais aos cidadãos.
(B) relacionar o empreendedorismo à política.
(C) incentivar a população ao exercício do voto.
(D) promover reflexão acerca de leis eleitorais.
(E) divulgar as universidades como locais de votação.

GABARITO
A resposta é a alternativa C: incentivar a população ao exercício do voto. A interlocução direta aparece no uso constante de you e your e na pergunta retórica “why would you let anyone else decide your future?”. Esses recursos têm função persuasiva: convencer o leitor de que a abstenção não é neutra e de que participar é o melhor caminho. As orientações práticas do final (registro, cédula, local de votação) reforçam o objetivo de levar o leitor a votar.

TRADUÇÃO
Optar por não votar não significa ficar de fora do sistema político. As políticas, as leis e os políticos continuarão afetando a sua vida. O mesmo vale para outras escolhas que você faz ao longo da vida.
Se, no refeitório, as opções forem cachorro-quente ou hambúrguer e você decidir não escolher nenhuma, ainda assim receberá um ou outro. De qualquer forma, você terá que almoçar. Seu voto é a sua decisão sobre quem deve representá-lo, em todas as esferas. Então, por que deixar que outra pessoa decida o seu futuro? Informe-se sobre os prazos para o cadastro eleitoral, como realizar esse cadastro, onde obter a sua cédula (ou documento de votação) e onde registrar o seu voto.
A maioria das faculdades e universidades possui uma página com recursos para eleitores; esse é um excelente ponto de partida. Você também pode consultar o site da Secretaria de Estado (Secretary of State) ou da Liga das Mulheres Eleitoras (League of Women Voters) do seu estado para obter informações sobre o processo de votação.

CLIQUE AQUI para saber mais sobre o autor ADIR FERREIRA.

Adaptado de: https://inglesdoadir.com.br/enem-2026-prova-de-ingles-corrigida-azul-com-traducao-e-audio/. Acesso em: 09 nov. 2026. Todos os direitos reservados. © 2026 Inglês do Adir.

ESL WORKSHEET - Friends and family members

LESSON PLAN FOR ENGLISH TEACHERS
FAMILY AND FRIENDS


Dec. 2, 2025


Level: Starter (A0-A1)
Type of language: General English
Tags: Family Members; Relationships; Vocabulary Lesson; Speaking; Possessive ’s; 13-15 Years Old; 16-18 Years Old; 18+ Years Old
Publication date: 12/02/2025

In this lesson, students develop their conversational skills by talking about friends and family members. First, they identify words to describe people in general. They then focus on different family members and practice the vocabulary in a variety of activities. The students then develop their listening skills by hearing three short family descriptions and completing the comprehension tasks. They then notice and highlight the use of the possessive ’s and practice the language in various student-centered activities. The lesson finishes with a communicative task which involves the students describing their family and friends in small groups. (by Victoria Aitken)

  • CLICK HERE to download the student’s worksheet in American English.
  • CLICK HERE to download the teacher’s lesson plan in American English.
  • CLICK HERE to download/listen to the audio 1 in American English.
  • CLICK HERE to download/listen to the audio 2 in American English.
  • CLICK HERE to download the student’s worksheet in British English.
  • CLICK HERE to download the teacher’s lesson plan in British English.
  • CLICK HERE to download/listen to the audio 1 in British English.
  • CLICK HERE to download/listen to the audio 2 in British English.

AUDIO TRANSCRIPTS

AUDIO 1 (TASK 3)
Speaker 1: This is my beautiful family. My husband, Harry and my two children. My son’s name is Leo, and my daughter’s name is Daisy.
Speaker 2: This is a photo of my last birthday. That is me taking the photo. That is my son Peter next to my father and mother. That is my dad’s friend Bob. That is my daughter Sophie, and that is my uncle and aunt, she is my mother’s sister.
Speaker 3: This is my family. My parents, my brother and my two children, Simon, and Sara. My mother’s name is Kelly and my dad’s name is Fred. My brother’s name is Sid.

AUDIO 2 (TASK 7)
This is my family. This is my father and mother. My father’s name is Peter, and my mother’s name is Lilly. They are both sixty-five years old. I have one older sister and one younger brother. My sister’s name is Jenny, and my brother’s name is James. James is married to Kim, and they have one son. His name’s Danny and he is two years old and very cute.

Adapted from: https://www.linguahouse.com/esl-lesson-plans/general-english/family-and-friends. Accessed on November 9, 2026. LinguaHouse.com © 2008–2026. All rights reserved.

ESL WORKSHEET - Fake news

LESSON PLAN FOR ENGLISH TEACHERS
FAKE NEWS


Apr. 12, 2025


Level: Intermediate (B1-B2)
Type of language: General English
Tags: The News; The Media; Society and Change; Analyzing Case Studies; Declaring and Diagnosing a Problem; Vocabulary Lesson; Article Based; 16-18 Years Old; 18+ Years Old
Publication date: 04/12/2025

This lesson looks at the issue of fake news. Students will read an article on the topic and listen to an interview where the issue is discussed. Exercises focus on related vocabulary, reading and listening skills and offer the students the opportunity to discuss questions on the topic. (by Joe Wilson)

  • CLICK HERE to download the student’s worksheet in American English.
  • CLICK HERE to download the teacher’s lesson plan in American English.
  • CLICK HERE to download/listen to the audio in American English.
  • CLICK HERE to download the student’s worksheet in British English.
  • CLICK HERE to download the teacher’s lesson plan in British English.
  • CLICK HERE to download/listen to the audio in British English.

AUDIO TRANSCRIPT

Host: Good morning, listeners! Today on the show, I’m very pleased to welcome Dr. Neil Richardson, head of the Media Studies department at Churchill University and author of the new book ‘What are we supposed to believe?’ Dr. Richardson, welcome to the show.
Dr. Richardson: Very pleased to be here.
Host: Now, I've read your book and thought it was great. But what I really want to ask you is what do we do about fake news?
Dr. Richardson: Well, that’s a very good question. The answer really lies in what we all should be doing with any information we read and that’s applying critical thinking. Firstly, you have to look at the source of the information. Almost anyone can start a blog or set up a website and write almost anything they want to. That’s not to say that blogs don’t provide valuable information, quite the opposite. But if it’s something that’s only reported by one blog rather than a newspaper, then you need to be very skeptical.
Host: What can we do to check that information on a blog is true?
Dr. Richardson: Look at who the author of the blog or the piece is. Some blogs are set up by well-known journalists or academics. There will nearly always be an ‘about’ section on the blog, so look at that and also put their name in a search engine to find out more about them. You do need to keep in mind that the fact that they’re a professional doesn’t mean that they’re immune to bias, and they may still have an agenda. This last point applies to the story too, see if you can find something about the information from another place. A genuine story very rarely breaks without several people reporting on it.
Host: What else should we do before sharing a story?
Dr. Richardson: You can make a point of checking a few things, such as the date. There’s so much content on the Internet that it’s very easy to be duped into thinking something has just happened when it’s actually an old story. You should also be able to see where the sources of information came from. If there are links, click on them to find out if what they are saying actually supports the story. The other thing to watch out for is satire. A lot of people instantly understand when something is written as a joke, but many don’t. There are lots of examples of people who have looked gullible after publicly expressing shock or anger at a satirical story.
Host: What is it that makes people share fake news?
Dr. Richardson: It can be a variety of things. People like to be the first person in their social media circle to share something interesting. Others like to support their own ideas with stories which they think prove they are correct. Newspaper stories often have inflammatory headlines designed to attract interest, and we’re very used to having an instant reaction to something we see. At the same time, many of us feel powerless to do anything about the society we live in. One thing we can do is share on social media and give our opinion about it as a way of letting off steam. So a lot of people see fake news and post without pausing to question whether it’s true or not.
Host: What consequences has fake news had in the real world?
Dr. Richardson: Well, in the US there was a shooting in a pizza restaurant because the gunman believed they were harming children due to a series of political fake news stories supporting a conspiracy theory. They’ve almost certainly affected the political process in countries like the US, not only by spreading false information but by reducing the level of trust in leaders and legitimate sources of information. As I say in my book, it leaves people with the sense that they are being lied to more than they actually are. It’s much easier to believe nothing than to carefully consider what you do believe. The advice I gave about deciding if a news story is fake or not, is that takes time which most people don’t have. So it makes everyone less trusting of society and of each other which is really the worst thing about it. A final thing I will say is that there are some very good fact-checking sites such as Snopes.com and Politifact.com. They look in detail at news stories that have gone around the Internet and will clearly say to what degree they are true or false. So a quick check on those sites will often save you hours of time and help you to understand the situation more clearly.
Host: Thank you so much for coming to talk to us today. After the break, we’re going to look at some examples of fake news that had people fooled and look at where those stories came…

Adapted from: https://www.linguahouse.com/esl-lesson-plans/general-english/fake-news. Accessed on November 9, 2026. LinguaHouse.com © 2008–2026. All rights reserved.

ESL WORKSHEET - Talking about space and jobs

LESSON PLAN FOR ENGLISH TEACHERS
AN ASTRONAUT


Mar. 12, 2024


Level: Pre-intermediate (A2-B1)
Type of language: English for Teenagers
Tags: The Future and Space; Travel and Leisure; Jobs; Explaining and Speculating; Speaking; Useful Vocabulary; Grammar; Possession; Video; 10-12 Years Old; 13-15 Years Old; 16-18 Years Old
Publication date: 03/12/2024

In this lesson, students learn about the training and work of astronauts through a mixture of listening and reading tasks. There is some more vocabulary related to space and a task with a focus on collocations. The grammar point is the verb ‘have to’, which is introduced in the listening and then practiced in a guessing game. (by I. Rybak)

  • CLICK HERE to download the student’s worksheet in American English.
  • CLICK HERE to download the teacher’s lesson plan in American English.
  • CLICK HERE to download/listen to the audio in American English.
  • CLICK HERE to download/watch the video in American English.
  • CLICK HERE to download the student’s worksheet in British English.
  • CLICK HERE to download the teacher’s lesson plan in British English.
  • CLICK HERE to download/listen to the audio in British English.
  • CLICK HERE to download/watch the video in British English.


VIDEO TRANSCRIPT (TASK 3)

Boy: That video is great. I totally want to go into space.
Girl: You’re going to need to pack some things. Have you got a list?
Boy: No, but I have some ideas. I’ll need food, water... what else?
Girl: You might want to take along some oxygen.
Boy: Oxygen! I always forget about oxygen.
Girl: Most people forget about oxygen until they don’t have it. Without oxygen, there’d be no way to breathe in space, but you’d also need a way to create more oxygen to take with you.
Boy: Astronauts today bring their own oxygen or create it from water, using a process called water electrolysis.
Girl: You’ll also need protection from solar radiation, extreme high and low temperatures, and a lack of pressure in space.
Boy: That’s what spacesuits and spaceships are for. Okay, so maybe I’m not quite ready to go to space.
Girl: Are you ready to check out another awesome video?
Boy: Definitely.


VIDEO TRANSCRIPT (TASK 4)

Astronauts are people who travel and work in space. Going to space is a big adventure, that’s certain, but astronauts do it for other reasons. They go to space so that they can learn more about other planets and galaxies and to do experiments. They spend months away from their friends and family. Then, they come back and share their knowledge with us!
Would you like to go to space? Perhaps first you should know what you have to do before you can become an astronaut. Let’s find out! First of all, you have to (1) be an adult and (2) have a Master’s degree in science. Then, you either need to (3) have some experience actually working in the field you studied or at least (4) 1,000 hours’ experience of being a pilot of a jet plane. Finally, to be an astronaut, you have to (5) be really healthy and in shape. That’s because living in space can be really hard on your body. Thousands of people sign up to be astronauts, but only a very few will go on a mission. And before they go, they have to (6) do years of training to prepare for the important jobs they will do in space. Most of the time astronauts do their jobs inside the space station or their spacecraft.
But for some jobs astronauts have to go on a spacewalk! A spacewalk is when an astronaut leaves the spacecraft to fix or build something on the outside of the spacecraft. It’s one of the most difficult jobs that astronauts do. They have to wear special spacesuits because there’s no air in space, and it’s either very cold or very hot outside. The temperature can be as high as 250 degrees Fahrenheit on the sunny side and as low as -250 degrees Fahrenheit on the dark side. So these special suits protect the astronauts from the cold or heat and give them air to breathe. They are also tied to the spacecraft by long cables so that they don’t float away.
So what do you think? Do you want to be an astronaut?


AUDIO TRANSCRIPT (TASK 8)

Student A: Do you have to wear special clothes?
Student B: No, I don’t.
Student A: Do you have to work on the weekends?
Student B: No.
Student A: Do you have to work at night?
Student B: No, never.
Student A: So you work during the week only. OK. Do you have to work with other people?
Student B: Yes, I do.
Student A: Do you have to work outside?
Student B: No, I don’t.
Student A: Do you have to travel?
Student B: No.
Student A: Do you have to study for the job?
Student B: Yes, I do.
Student A: Do you have to speak?
Student B: Yes.
Student A: Do you have to speak a lot?
Student B: Yes.
Student A: Do you have to stand?
Student B: Yes, sometimes.
Student A: Do you have to write?
Student B: Yes, a little.
Student A: Do you have to repair things?
Student B: No, I don’t.
Student A: Do you have to make things?
Student B: No.
Student A: Do you have to explain things?
Student B: Yes.
Student A: Do you have to work with children?
Student B: Yes.
Student A: I know!

Adapted from: https://www.linguahouse.com/esl-lesson-plans/english-for-teenagers/an-astronaut. Accessed on November 9, 2026. LinguaHouse.com © 2008–2026. All rights reserved.

Reading and listening

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