VESTIBULAR UNESP 2022 - 2ª FASE19 de dezembro de 2021LÍNGUA INGLESA
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Discover the riotous prose of a classic Brazilian author
“The Posthumous Memoirs of Brás Cubas” is an invigorating read
The Economist
August 13, 2020
His grandparents were slaves. His father painted houses. His immigrant mother washed laundry. For a poor, mixed-race boy born in Brazil in 1839, their son had done well to become an apprentice typesetter in Rio de Janeiro. But a priest taught him Latin, and a literary agent spotted the gifted lad at the Imprensa Nacional, the government press, and soon he was contributing to newspapers, writing plays and poems and starting a literary circle.
But it was as a novelist that Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis would truly shine. Machado worked as a civil servant and co-founded the Brazilian Academy of Letters; he married happily (although his Portuguese in-laws initially objected to the colour of his skin). Beneath all this outward respectability, his prose was radically ingenious. Ever since “The Posthumous Memoirs of Brás Cubas”, Machado’s fifth novel, appeared in 1881 it has astonished readers with its lordly ironies and scorn for convention. The book’s invigorating style, as much as its backdrop of racial and social injustice, makes it ideal reading for this morbid, insurgent summer.
Brás Cubas, the fictional memoirist, has just died from pneumonia. As a thwarted corpse who failed in almost everything he tried, he wants to set the record straight about his drifting life as an idle, pleasure-seeking dandy in Rio. Beneath his jaunty veneer, Cubas harbours a melancholy pessimism. He sees a freedman lash a slave he has bought — to relieve his own sufferings “by passing them on to someone else”. Yet the novel floats free of the ambient oppression on currents of mischief and urbanity.
Sprinkled with epigrams, dreams, gags and asides, the story teases, dances and delights. Across 160 short chapters (“Long chapters suit long-winded readers”), Machado mocks every rule of the 19th-century novel. A chapter of dialogue is written entirely in punctuation (“!…?…!”). In another, the narrator acknowledges (in a new translation by Margaret Jull Costa and Robin Patterson), “I have just written an utterly pointless chapter”. Dave Eggers, an American author, recently called this “one of the wittiest, most playful, and therefore most alive and ageless books ever written”.
Adapted from: https://www.economist.com/books-and-arts/2020/08/13/discover-the-riotous-prose-of-a-classic-brazilian-author. Accessed on December 27, 2021.
QUESTÃO 13
The text is mainly about
(A) racial conflicts in Rio de Janeiro in 1880s.
(B) The Posthumous Memoirs of Brás Cubas novel.
(C) urban life in Rio de Janeiro at the end of 19th century.
(D) the family background of Machado de Assis and his friends.
(E) the importance of Machado de Assis as founder of the Brazilian Academy of Letters.
Resolução
A partir da metade do segundo parágrafo até o quarto parágrafo, o texto discute “Memórias Póstumas de Brás Cubas”, de Machado de Assis.
Resposta: B (selecione com o mouse para ver a resposta)
QUESTÃO 14
According to the first paragraph, Machado de Assis started his literary career
(A) working at the government press.
(B) because a priest taught him Latin.
(C) working as an apprentice typesetter.
(D) contributing to newspapers, writing poems and plays.
(E) with the help of his parents.
Resolução
Lê-se no texto: “... and soon he was contributing to newspapers, writing plays and poems and starting a literary circle.”
Resposta: D (selecione com o mouse para ver a resposta)
QUESTÃO 15
The second paragraph states that “The Posthumous Memoirs of Brás Cubas” is a
(A) recommended reading due to its stimulating style.
(B) respectable and conventional novel, although it has surprised readers.
(C) manifesto against racism and social injustice.
(D) lordly novel no matter how unconventional it may seem.
(E) difficult book to understand because it is too radical.
Resolução
Lê-se no texto: “The book’s invigorating style, as much as its backdrop of racial and social injustice, makes it ideal reading for this morbid, insurgent summer.”
Resposta: A (selecione com o mouse para ver a resposta)
QUESTÃO 16
No trecho do terceiro parágrafo “Yet the novel floats free of the ambient oppression on currents of mischief and urbanity”, o termo sublinhado expressa
(A) decorrência.
(B) acréscimo.
(C) contraste.
(D) alternância.
(E) exemplificação.
Resolução
O termo sublinhado “yet” é uma conjunção cuja tradução é ‘contudo’ ou ‘entretanto’, portanto expressa uma ideia de contraste.
Resposta: C (selecione com o mouse para ver a resposta)
QUESTÃO 17
O trecho do quarto parágrafo que exemplifica a frase “Machado mocks every rule of the 19th-century novel” é
(A) “Across 160 short chapters”.
(B) “in a new translation by Margaret Jull Costa and Robin Patterson”.
(C) “the story teases, dances and delights”.
(D) “one of the wittiest, most playful, and therefore most alive and ageless books ever written”.
(E) “A chapter of dialogue is written entirely in punctuation”.
Resolução
O verbo mock significa ‘zombar’, portanto, no trecho “A chapter of dialogue is written entirely in punctuation” ele zomba das regras do romance do século XIX ao dispensar o uso de palavras na construção de um capítulo inteiro, utilizando apenas sinais de pontuação.
Resposta: E (selecione com o mouse para ver a resposta)
QUESTÃO 18
No trecho do quarto parágrafo “In another, the narrator acknowledges”, o termo sublinhado refere-se a
(A) Machado de Assis.
(B) Brás Cubas.
(C) the author of the text published by The Economist.
(D) Margaret Jull Costa.
(E) Dave Eggers.
Resolução
Lê-se no texto: “Brás Cubas, the fictional memoirist, has just died from pneumonia. As a thwarted corpse who failed in almost everything he tried, he wants to set the record straight about his drifting life as an idle, pleasure-seeking dandy in Rio.”
Resposta: B (selecione com o mouse para ver a resposta)
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Questões resolvidas pelo Curso Objetivo Vestibulares. Resolução disponível em: https://www.curso-objetivo.br/vestibular/resolucao_comentada/unesp/unesp2022_2fase.asp?img=01. Acesso em: 28 dez. 2021.
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